FAQ Barrier masks

What is a “barrier mask”?

Barrier masks are washable fabric masks designed for the public to provide collective protection. Its use in no way exonerates the user from the systematic application of barrier gestures and respect for physical distance. According to AFNOR Spec S76-001, there are two categories of barrier masks:

• UNS 1 / category 1: ensures at least 90% filtration of 3-micron particles. Unlike a surgical mask, this one has the advantage of being washable and reusable. Following an opinion issued by the Haut Conseil de Santé Publique on January 20, 2021, a decree issued on January 27, 2021 recommends that only “consumer” masks in this category should be marketed and advertised as such, provided they have been tested beforehand.
• UNS 2 / category 2: ensures at least 70% filtration of 3-micron particles. The decree of January 27, 2021 does not prohibit their manufacture, but requires manufacturers to inform consumers that these masks do not meet health authority requirements.

Is it inadvisable to use fabric masks?

In January 2021, the French High Council for Public Health recommended that masks filtering out at least 90% of 3-micron particles (UNS 1 category) should be preferred. A measure taken up in a decree dated January 27, 2021, which requires manufacturers who have opted for a filtration threshold of 70% (category 2) to inform consumers that these masks do not meet health authority requirements. AFNOR therefore recommends avoiding UNS 2 masks, and a fortiori those which, because they have not been mass-produced and properly tested, cannot claim to belong to one category or another.

AFNOR Spec S76-001 Category 1 fabric masks filter out at least 90% of these particles, and are therefore recommended. The level of protection they offer is close to, or even superior to, that offered by surgical masks, depending on the model. All the more so since AFNOR Spec S76-001 allows them to meet the other technical criteria required by the decree to be marketed as UNS 1 :

• breathability for up to four hours of wear;
• air permeability is greater than 96 liters per square meter per second, for a vacuum of 100 pascal ;
• the shape provides a snug fit on the face with coverage of the nose and chin and does not include a sagittal seam;
• when reusable, performance levels a are maintained after at least five washes.

Should I wear a surgical mask or an FFP mask?

In its opinion of January 2021, the Haut Conseil de Santé Publique does not recommend that the general public wear FFP masks, which are respiratory protective devices (

standard NF EN 149

). The HCSP reiterated this position in an opinion dated January 7, 2022, rejecting the idea of additional protection (even for teachers) due to the discomfort generated.

This type of mask is designed to protect the wearer against both the inhalation of droplets and airborne particles that may contain infectious agents. Wearing it is more restrictive (thermal discomfort, respiratory resistance) than wearing a surgical mask. There are three categories of FFP masks, according to their effectiveness (estimated on the basis of filter efficiency and leakage to the face). A distinction is made between :

• FFP1 masks filter out at least 80% of aerosols (total inward leakage < 22%).
• FFP2 masks filter out at least 94% of aerosols (total inward leakage< 8%).
• FFP3 masks filtering at least 99% of aerosols (total inward leakage < 2%)

Surgical masks can be worn because, again according to the Haut Conseil de Santé Publique, they provide a filtration level of at least 90%, as do Category 1 fabric masks developed in accordance with AFNOR SPEC S76-001.

These two types of mask promote collective protection. They are designed to prevent droplets emitted by the wearer from being projected onto the surrounding environment. They also protect the wearer from the spray of droplets emitted by an onlooker. However, they do not protect against the inhalation of very small airborne particles, as FFP masks do.

Is the barrier mask still recommended against the more contagious Omicron variant?

Yes. For the general public, the authorities did not change their instructions when the Delta and Omicron variants appeared. Whatever the circumstances (work, school, public highway, transport, etc.), there’s no need to swap your category 1 barrier mask for a FFP2 mask on the pretext that the latter offers greater protection. In an opinion dated January 7, 2022, the Haut conseil de santé publique (French public health council) does not recommend that the general public wear an FFP mask, which is a single-use respiratory protective device in the EPÏ (personal protective equipment) category and covered by the NF EN 149 standard. Similarly, surgical masks can always be worn against variants because, again according to the Haut Conseil de Santé Publique, they provide a filtration level of at least 90%, as do Category 1 fabric masks developed in accordance with AFNOR SPEC S76-001.

Is wearing several masks a good idea?

Wearing two masks layer upon layer can improve filtration, if the fabrics are different. On the other hand, this will certainly pose a problem in terms of breathability, making it difficult to support the mask when talking or walking at varying speeds, for example. So, by wearing such a mask, you run the risk of having to take it off, out of discomfort, without being able to wash your hands, or to put on a new one, thus exposing yourself to the risk of contamination.

Can I use a vacuum bag or coffee filter as filter material?

Despite their good filtering capacity, these types of filters do not meet the requirement of paragraph 5.1.8 “Safety of inhaled air”. In fact, these materials are likely to release irritating substances that can cause allergy risks (particularly severe asthma attacks) and/or toxicity. What’s more, these types of filters don’t perform well in terms of breathability.

How do you know if the barrier mask provides 90% filtration?

A decree dated January 27, 2021 requires manufacturers of fabric masks claiming, after testing, to filter out 90% of 3-micron particles, to indicate “in a visible, legible and easily accessible manner” that these masks meet the health authorities’ requirements. This level of protection is provided by a Category 1 fabric mask, designed in accordance with AFNOR SPEC S76-001.

If you made your own mask in 2020, you have no absolute guarantee that it will perform well enough. The prudent thing to do is to opt for a new mask, manufactured by an industrial company and tested by a laboratory, which indicates that it is category 1.

Which fabrics should be used to create a barrier mask?

The AFNOR Spec document is based on various fabric combinations, the results of which have been tested and are available

available here

. Feedback from experienced craftsmen and private individuals enables us to share with you additional recommendations, to facilitate the choice of materials based on accessibility criteria (availability, price). What we recommend:

To make a category 1 mask (90% filtration) :

• layer 1: 90 g/m² cotton
• layer 2: 400 g/m² non-woven fabric
• layer 3: 90 g/m² cotton

More technical :

• Layer 1: 100% cotton 115 g/m².
• Layers 2, 3 and 4: 100% pp (non-woven polypropylene) spun bounded NT-PP 35 g/m² (very fine)
• Layer 5: 100% cotton 115 g/m².

If you don’t have access to these fabrics, opt for complementarity: the filter is more effective if you choose three different fabrics.

• 1 thick cotton kitchen towel
• 1 polyester: technical t-shirt type, for sports
• 1 small cotton shirt

To estimate the surface density of a piece of fabric :

• Weigh the piece of fabric on a household scale (in grams)
• Measure piece of fabric (width and length, in meters)
• Density = fabric mass / width x length

Example:
A cotton kitchen towel measuring 50 x 70 cm and weighing 80 grams has a surface density of 80 / 0.50 x 0.70 = 228 g/m².

Not recommended:

The cotton/ouatine/cotton blend does not seem to deliver the expected performance. Denim, oilcloth and coated fabrics should also be avoided for reasons of breathability. In terms of feasibility, jersey is also to be discarded. In view of the summer heat: avoid using fleece and rough cretonne. The “Que choisir” website also provides advice

accessible here

on the fabrics to choose when making a mask for the general public.

Can I make masks for children?

The document

AFNOR Spec – Barrier masks

offers, since April 28, patterns for making masks for children over 7. This threshold has been defined in line with the recommendations of the doctors brought together by AFNOR, as part of the collective work carried out by nearly 150 experts.

I make a barrier mask according to the recommendations in AFNOR Spec – Masques Barrières. May I mention it?

If you follow the recommendations of AFNOR Spec – Barrier masks, you can use the words “Masque barrière AFNOR SPEC S76-001”, as authorized by the barrier mask specification (part 7 – Marking and information leaflet). This information may appear on the leaflet, packaging or mask. Manufacturers of mass-produced masks can go a step further by committing to a process of
NF certification
.

Can I wear a barrier mask for sports?

Physical exertion requires the ability to breathe easily, something that wearing a mask – barrier or otherwise – undoubtedly hinders. However, AFNOR has provided textile manufacturers with a document setting out minimum requirements for the design of barrier masks for sports use, reconciling protection, stability and breathability,
The AFNOR SPEC S70-001 guide is freely downloadable.
. Specifying, among other things, test methods, the AFNOR SPEC S70-001 guide is designed to enable manufacturers to prepare sports enthusiasts in enclosed environments (gyms, fitness rooms, etc.) to resume their activities once they are once again authorized, in accordance with the instructions of the public authorities and in compliance with other barrier gestures. The AFNOR SPEC S70-001 guide is the fruit of the work of a group of 70 experts led by Union Sport et Cycle and its members, with the active support of the French Ministry of Sport.

I’m a private individual. Can I use a barrier mask in public areas?

You’ve put your trust in AFNOR’s recommendations to design a mask or guide your purchases. You can also use this mask as part of the compulsory wearing requirement in enclosed public spaces, or on public roads. The UNS1 model (providing at least 90% filtration of 3-micron particles) is recommended by the Haut Conseil de Santé Publique. In all cases, the mask must cover the mouth and nose.

How do I wash a used barrier mask?

AFNOR Spec – Barrier masks, updated in April, sets out the recommendations defined by the health authorities. The ANSM notice revised on November 2, 2020 mentions that at home, a used mask should be machine-washed with a standard detergent, at 40 degrees for at least 30 minutes. This notice specifies that it is not necessary to wash masks separately: filling the washing machine to half-load ensures good mixing. For industrial laundries, this notice recommends a minimum 30-minute cycle at 60°C. On September 7, the French Academy of Medicine also indicated that masks could be washed with a detergent at the same temperature as body linen.

Can I use an iron to care for my mask?

Yes, to remove wrinkles after washing and finalize drying. Particular care must be taken to avoid damaging the mask components, especially the elastic straps. Please note that ironing is not a substitute for washing.

My glasses fog up when I wear my mask. What can I do?

When glasses are not worn punctually, they can fog up. This is due to a lack of seal at the nose of the mask. When the mask is fitted with a nose clip, it is advisable to press the mask firmly against the bridge of the nose.

In the case of self-made fabric masks, a nose clip can be added at the time of manufacture. Example of realization in the video (explanations from 14 min 30)

A variety of clip solutions are available, such as a freezer-bag fastener or a small plastic-coated wire.

In all cases, care must be taken to avoid using solutions that could cause injury to the user (e.g. materials that are too rigid or have sharp edges). The material must be resistant to washing during mask maintenance, or be removed before washing.

Can I wear a new mask straight away?

We recommend that you wash a new mask before using it for the first time, whether you’ve made it yourself, received it as a gift, or bought it from a craftsman or shop. This allows you to put into practice the maintenance instructions issued by the health authorities. It’s also important to make sure that the mask in question is healthy: it’s possible that it could carry a virus of any kind, due to transport conditions or packaging. Washing your mask before its first use also reduces the risk of allergies potentially caused by new fabrics.

How can I tell if my barrier mask is worn or damaged?

If your mask was made by an industrial manufacturer, the recommended number of washes must be indicated. Be sure to keep track of the number of washes. However, we recommend that you carefully inspect your mask after washing. Mask wear can manifest itself in different ways:

• the fabric’s folds can give way to tears,
• seams can come undone,
• ties can become strained.

If you observe any of these signals, it’s time to part with your mask.

What should I do with my end-of-life barrier mask?

According to AFNOR Spec Masques Barrières recommendations, you should dispose of your used mask in the general or residual waste garbage can. You can also dispose of it in your household waste, or place it in the fabric recycling chain if you wash it beforehand according to established recommendations.

I’m a private individual. Why choose NF-certified barrier masks?

NF barrier masks certified by AFNOR Certification guarantee quality, safety and reliability. Their production has been audited throughout the chain (traceability of raw materials, origin and performance of components, packaging, consumer information) by an independent third-party organization.

NF Barrier Mask certification focuses on comfort, filtration quality and ease of use:

• Linked to the fastener (self-adjusting behind the ears or behind the head); tests are carried out by an independent laboratory to check the fit of the straps.
• Linked to increased breathability, value twice as demanding as the threshold required by AFNOR Spec S76-001 specifications.

I’m a consumer, a public or private buyer. How can I check that the mask I’ve bought really has NF Barrier Mask certification?

To prove the authenticity of the certification, manufacturers who have obtained NF Barrier Mask certification are required to display a QR code on their packaging, enabling them to view their certificate online, with its number and issue date.

What to do if a mask gets wet in the rain?

A mask, whether surgical or made of fabric, is less effective if it gets wet in the rain or becomes damp with use (breathing, perspiration…). It is therefore strongly recommended to change your wet mask for a new, dry one. Designed for use in medical settings, there are no usage tests to confirm that a surgical mask worn for less than the recommended 4 hours, but wet and then dried, is as effective as a new surgical mask. Designed for single use only, we advise you not to reuse your surgical mask and to dispose of it in the garbage can, if possible in a dedicated bag.

If your fabric barrier mask gets wet, it’s also advisable to replace it with a dry mask, store it in a bag and wash and dry it before using it again.

Who can apply for NF Barrier Mask certification?

Manufacturers of barrier masks to AFNOR SPEC S76-001 standard (textile, pharmaceutical, etc.), of all sizes (SMEs, large groups), mass-produced. Artisanal manufacturers of mass-market masks and individual sewing enthusiasts are therefore ineligible.

Who can apply for NF barrier masks?

NF Barrier Mask certification
is open to all applicants (manufacturers, agents or distributors) whose products fall within the scope defined in
article 1 of the standards
and comply with the technical requirements described in
article 1 of section B
of the certification standards.

The applicant is responsible for ensuring compliance with all the requirements defined in the standard.

What types of masks are covered by NF Barrier Mask certification?

Non-sanitary masks listed below are eligible for
NF Barrier Mask certification
:

• As defined in the interministerial note of March 29, 2020, updated on April 26, 2020:
  • Category 1 masks (UNS1) for professionals in regular contact with a large number of people during their work. They are made of materials that filter out at least 90% of particles down to 3 μm (equivalent to the size of particles emitted by the wearer). Since a decree of January 27, 2021, this is the only category that manufacturers can claim, after testing, to market models that meet health authority requirements.
  • Category 2 masks (UNS2) are designed to protect the entire group wearing them, as well as professionals who have occasional contact with other people. They are made of materials that filter out at least 70% of 3 μm particles. However, the decree of January 27, 2021 implicitly excludes them from the market.
• Whose “pleated” or “duckbill” shape meets the specifications of SPEC S76-001 or whose shape meets the specifications of the interministerial note.
• Equipped with self-adjusting devices,
• Single-use or washable at least 5 times (reusable 6 times in this case),
• Adult or junior size,
• Mass-produced and ready to use.

What types of masks are excluded from NF Barrier Mask certification?

The types listed below are not eligible for NF Barrier Mask certification :

• Masks covered by Regulation (EU) 2016/425 on personal protective equipment,
• Masks covered by Directive 93/42/ECC or Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices,
• Masks equipped with inhalation or exhalation valve(s) and removable filter(s),
• Masks whose straps are ties to be tied,
• Masks based on expert judgement as mentioned in SPEC S76-001/2020 and CWA 17533:2020

What are the different characteristics of NF certified barrier masks?

There are 4 models of NF-certified masks. You can find all the characteristics in the
on page 8

Who are the manufacturers whose masks are NF certified?

The list of certified companies and products is available here.

I’m a manufacturer, why should I opt for NF Barrier Mask certification?

NF certification is a strong sign of recognition for consumers, a guarantee of safety, assurance and quality. 84% of French people say they are aware of the NF mark, and the presence of the logo on products or packaging encourages the act of purchase for 30% of them (Opinion Way survey, January 2019 on a sample of 1,000 people).

I’m a manufacturer and have already carried out trials to market my masks. Do I have to do them again to obtain NF Barrier Mask certification?

If you have already carried out tests in 2020 through official bodies or recognized laboratories, you may be exempted from further testing for admission to NF Barrier Mask certification.

However, you will need to perform the specific flange tensile test that is a prerequisite for obtaining de
NF Barrier Mask certification

I’m a manufacturer and I have stocks of masks that I’d like to have certified. Is this possible?

A special process has been set up to audit and certify your mask stocks (if traceability is deemed sufficient and proof of testing can be provided).

I’m reluctant to give out my personal data

Our download form has been designed to comply with the RGPD. Leaving your contact details to download AFNOR Spec S76-001 has the advantage of keeping you up to date with changes to the document, of which the March 27, 2020 version is 1.0. You may also request that AFNOR delete your personal data.

Will I be informed when a new version of AFNOR SPEC S76-001 is released?

Yes, by e-mail, insofar as you have consented to the disclosure of your data as described above.

I made masks according to the March 27 AFNOR document. Are they still valid after the April 27 update?

Yes, the updated AFNOR Spec – Barrier masks document does not call anything into question. Masks sewn in accordance with the recommendations published on March 27 are still just as valid.

Why update AFNOR Spec – Barrier masks?

Several official publications have been brought to the attention of the editorial group since the publication of version 1.0. AFNOR SPEC S76-001 of March 27, 2020. Feedback was also plentiful. The update takes this into account, but does not call into question the document’s main recommendations or the pattern models proposed in version 1.0.

What changes need to be taken into account when designing or manufacturing barrier masks?

Version 1.10 of AFNOR Spec – Barrier masks does not include any major changes. The main new feature is the inclusion of a template for barrier masks for children over 7.
References to the opinions of health authorities are also included, with direct links to
.

Manufacturers of large-scale barrier masks will be able to rely on new recommendations to distinguish filtration efficiency from the 3-micron threshold. Details of the material’s filtration efficiency requirements have also been provided.

Is there a European version of AFNOR Spec S76-001?

Yes: since June 17, 2020, at the request of the European Commission. Drawn up under the guidance of AFNOR, it incorporates most of the recommendations of AFNOR Spec S76-001. It is available in English only.